Strategies for the Sustainable Protection and Enhancement of Indigenous Bumblebee (Bombus haemorrhoidalis) Populations to Support Mountain Food Systems in Azad Jammu and Kashmir

This research aimed to develop and implement strategies for the sustainable protection and enhancement of Bombus haemorrhoidalis populations to support mountain food systems in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). We conducted a comprehensive assessment of B. haemorrhoidalis habitats, identifying critical areas that required protection. Field surveys and habitat mapping were performed to monitor population trends and determine factors affecting bumblebee health and distribution. The study examined the impact of agricultural practices, pesticide usage, and climate change on B. haemorrhoidalis populations. Community engagement and education were integral to the research, involving local farmers and stakeholders through participatory workshops and training sessions to promote pollinator-friendly farming practices. Emphasis was placed on organic farming techniques, reduction of pesticide application, and creation of flower-rich habitats to provide foraging and nesting resources for bumblebees. To ensure long-term sustainability, we developed policy recommendations for the conservation of B. haemorrhoidalis and other pollinators in AJK, collaborating with local government bodies, NGOs, and international conservation organizations to implement these policies effectively. The findings contributed to enhancing the resilience of mountain food systems by securing pollination services, thereby supporting agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The strategies developed served as a model for the conservation of other indigenous pollinators in similar mountainous regions, ensuring food security and ecological balance.