SUSTAINABLE APPLICATIONS OF KENAF: FROM BIOMATERIALS TO BIOCHAR-BASED BIOCOMPOSITES

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a fast-growing annual plant, is becoming acknowledged as a very adaptable and sustainable bioresource with diverse applications across several industries. Its production requires few inputs and produces substantial amounts of biomass, rendering it an ecologically sustainable and economically feasible raw resource. The growing interest in kenaf-based materials arises from their superior fibre quality, lignocellulosic structure, and versatility in various climatic environments.

These reviews examine recent advancements in the development of post-harvest machinery for kenaf and its versatile applications in the development of post-harvest processing in the kenaf fibre industry. A systematic literature review approach was employed to source peer-reviewed articles, patents, and technical reports from reputable scientific databases. The methodology involved thematic analysis and comparative evaluation of technological innovations, material performance metrics, and environmental impacts associated with kenaf-based products. Particular focus has been placed on the production techniques and material characterisation of kenaf-derived biochar and its incorporation into polymer matrices for the development of biocomposites. It also examined experimental studies and field data on kenaf’s role in environmental remediation and its potential in carbon sequestration systems. This comprehensive analysis highlights the role of kenaf in advancing circular bioeconomy practices, emphasising its contributions to waste reduction, resource efficiency, and ecological sustainability.

This review provides a valuable foundation for future research and innovation in bio-based materials, underscoring kenaf's potential to drive sustainable development and resilience in material science and environmental engineering.