Effect of Pyrolytic Temperature on Biochar's Physicochemical properties under Sodium carbonate catalyst impregnation from green pea peels.

Exploiting the circular economy has been a vital resource utilization and energy recovery strategy. This study examined the influence of pyrolytic temperature on the chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochar derived from waste biomass and recommended its suitability for environmental application and energy production. The biochar synthesis was performed by thermal degradation of green pea pods in the presence of Na₂CO₃ catalyst at temperatures of (300-800 ^oC in 100 ^oC intervals). Thephysicochemical characteristics and morphological structures of the produced char were evaluated, including mineral composition, carbon content, functional groups and morphological structures, using basic characterization techniques. The findings indicated that the biochar's specific surface area increased from 0.6836 m²/g to a maximum of 683.2 m²/g, whereas the mean pore diameter decreased from 161.67 nm at 300 ^oC to 1.4774 nm at 600 ^oC. And later on, it rose to 2.1778 nm at 800 ^oC. The increase in pyrolysis temperature demonstrated a positive relationship with the biochar's carbonization degree, aromatization and stability. On the other hand, yield, oxygenated functional groups, nitrogen and oxygen reduced, exhibiting a negative relationship. Moreover, the produced biochar materials had improved higher heating value (HHV) of (16.56 - 23.6 MJ/kg) in comparison to 15.50 MJ in the feedstock. Thus, biochar from waste peels at various pyrolysis temperatures can be effective in the recovery of energy, decontamination of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater and agronomic nourishment.