Transcriptome analysis for identifying cold-responsive genes in black gram

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is a vital pulse crop in India, but its rabi season cultivation is constrained by low-temperature stress, particularly during germination and early growth. Developing cold-tolerant genotypes is essential for ensuring stable productivity. This study utilizes transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cold stress in contrasting genotypes. Leaf tissues from cold-treated and control plants were analyzed, revealing numerous DEGs. Key transcription factors like DREB, MYB, NAC, and WRKY, along with genes involved in antioxidant defense (peroxidases, superoxide dismutase), signal transduction (MAPK, calcium signaling), and osmoprotectant biosynthesis (proline, sugars), were significantly upregulated in the tolerant genotype. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the involvement of complex regulatory and metabolic pathways in cold response. Validation through qRT-PCR confirmed expression patterns of selected genes. These findings offer valuable insights for marker-assisted selection and genome editing, aiding in the development of cold-tolerant black gram varieties suited for rabi season cultivation.