Design and Implementation of Microcontroller-Based Climate Control System for Smart Greenhouse Applications

The integration of digital technologies into agriculture has become essential for optimizing resource use and improving production efficiency under controlled environments. In this context, greenhouse cultivation represents a strategic system for high-yield crop production, particularly under conditions of climatic uncertainty and land constraints. However, maintaining optimal microclimatic conditions remains a major operational challenge.

This study presents the development and experimental validation of an automated climate control system for greenhouse management, utilizing an Arduino Mega 2560 R3 microcontroller as the central processing unit. The system is equipped with multiple environmental sensors to continuously monitor key variables, including temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and light intensity. A set of actuators responds to these inputs through a feedback control algorithm, enabling real-time regulation of the internal environment. The control system is interfaced with a desktop application for data acquisition, visualization, and user interaction.

The proposed platform demonstrates a cost-effective and scalable solution for smart greenhouse automation. It contributes to the broader framework of climate-smart and precision agriculture, supporting sustainable intensification and efficient resource management through digital innovation.