EventsThe 1st International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
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Published
This submission belongs to the session S3. General of the event The 1st International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Published date
29 Oct, 2025
Academic Editor
author-avatarAlessandra Ammazzalorso
Citation
Jinan Alhuwayshil, Sahar S Alghamdi, Nouf Alnajim, Sarah bin Dulaym, Arwa Alsubait, Afrah E Mohammed, Exploring the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Potentials of 3-Hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol: In vitro and In silico Evaluation, in Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, 1 November–30 November 2025, MDPI: Basel, Switzerland
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Exploring the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Potentials of 3-Hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol: In vitro and In silico Evaluation

Jinan Alhuwayshil 1
Sahar S Alghamdi 1,2
Nouf Alnajim 1
Sarah bin Dulaym 1
Arwa Alsubait 3,4
Afrah E Mohammed 5,6
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
2. Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3. Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5. Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
6. Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal, and anticancer effects of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol, as well as its in silico properties. The compound's effectiveness was evaluated against various bacterial strains, fungal species, Candida species, and its potential anticancer effects.

Method: In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, anticandida, and anticancer activities of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol. Antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while antifungal and anticandida effects were assessed on various fungal and Candida species. Anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTT assay on multiple cancer cell lines, including breast, colorectal, leukemia, and glioblastoma cell lines. Migration and colony formation assays were also performed. In silico studies investigated the compound's mode of action, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties.

Result: The compound 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, the compound showed mean inhibition zones of 18.33 ± 1.25 mm, 10.5 ± 4.27 mm, and 13.83 ± 4.41 mm, respectively. For filamentous fungi (Alternaria sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium equiseti), the compound effectively reduced growth, with mean values of 1.81 ± 0.05, 2.29 ± 0.04, and 2.40 ± 0.10, respectively. Regarding Candida species, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. parapsilosis demonstrated inhibition with mean values of 1.93 ± 0.29, 1.68 ± 0.22, and 0.85 ± 0.17, respectively. Preliminary anticancer results from the MTT assay indicate potential activity against various cancer cell lines.

Conclusion: 3-Hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol demonstrates potent in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and anticandidal properties, along with promising anticancer potential. In silico studies further support its therapeutic potential, warranting further exploration for clinical

Keywords
Oncology
Anticancer
Antiproliferative
Apoptosis
Mechanism of Action
Quinoxaline derivatives
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