Biomedical Applications of Polymer-Based Nano/Micromotors Synthesized by Electropolymerization Method

This study presents the development of polymer-based nano/micromotors fabricated through electropolymerization for biomedical applications. polymer-based motors were synthesized using template-assisted electropolymerization with optimized electrochemical parameters. The electropolymerization process was systematically characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques to ensure reproducible fabrication conditions. Surface modification strategies were employed to enhance motor functionality, including covalent attachment of bioactive molecules and incorporation of targeting ligands. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed successful surface functionalization and maintained structural integrity of the polymer matrix during fabrication processes. Comprehensive biocompatibility studies confirmed their excellent suitability for biological environments, while inherent biodegradability eliminates long-term accumulation concerns in living systems. The biomedical applications investigated include targeted drug delivery systems, bacterial removal mechanisms, and advanced biosensing platforms. The motors demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in cell culture studies and promising controlled drug release properties with sustained therapeutic efficacy. Metallic bilayer variants and strategic incorporation of metallic nanoparticles into the chitosan matrix significantly enhance electrochemical activity and provide multifunctional properties for targeted therapy and imaging applications. Electrochemical surface functionalization enables specific targeting capabilities for precision medicine approaches. Results demonstrate the significant potential of electropolymerized polymer nano/micromotors as next-generation biomedical devices, offering unique advantages of controllable electrochemical propulsion, excellent biocompatibility, and complete biodegradability for various clinical applications.