Design and Development of Green Materials through Sustainable Synthesis, Characterization, and Recycling

Green materials are gaining rapid global attention as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics and composites due to their renewable origin and reduced environmental impact. In this study, bio-based resources such as natural polymers and plant-derived additives were used to develop sustainable materials through green chemistry routes and consciously avoiding toxic solvents and high-energy processes. The aim was to design functional materials that balance performance with environmental responsibility.

The synthesized materials were systematically characterized using FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM to evaluate their chemical bonding, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The findings confirmed that these materials exhibit desirable mechanical and barrier properties, making them promising for biodegradable packaging and low-impact construction. Recycling was assessed through both mechanical and chemical routes, ensuring resource recovery and waste minimization. Notably, after repeated recycling cycles, a slight deterioration in tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal resistance was observed. While these changes remain acceptable for short-term packaging, they may influence long-term structural applications, highlighting the need for tailored end-use considerations.

Overall, this research demonstrates an integrated approach that combines sustainable synthesis, performance assessment, and recycling strategies. By addressing both functionality and circularity, it offers a practical pathway toward reducing plastic pollution and advancing a greener, circular economy.