Analysis of the Second Derivative of the PPG Signal as Indicator of Vascular Aging

The second derivative of the photoplethysmographic signal presents five relevant points which provide information about the structural properties of arteries. This study investigates the ratio between the amplitude of the d wave (end of systole) and the a wave (beginning of systole) as a potential indicator of vascular aging. The research combines an in vitro study on silicone models with different stiffness and an in vivo study on volunteers aged between 26 to 63 years. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the d/a ratio and arterial stiffness, confirming the potential of this parameter as a noninvasive index for assessing vascular health status.