Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Respiratory Motion Sensor

In the last few decades, several wearable devices have been designed to monitor respiration rate to capture pulmonary signals with higher accuracy and reduce patients’ discomfort during use. In this article, we present the design and implementation of a device for real-time monitoring of respiratory system movements. When breathing, the circumference of the abdomen and thorax changes; therefore, we used a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) attached to the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to measure this variation as the patient inhales and exhales. The mechanical strain this causes changes the FSR electrical resistance accordingly. Also, for streaming this variable resistance on an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5 is utilized due to the adequate throughput, high accessibility, and possibility of power consumption reduction. In addition to the sensing mechanism, the device includes a compact, energy-efficient microcontroller and a 3-axis accelerometer that captures body movement. Power is supplied by a rechargeable Lithium-ion Polymer (LiPo) battery, and energy usage is optimized using a buck converter. For comfort and usability, the enclosure was 3D printed using Stereolithography (SLA) technology to ensure a smooth, ergonomic shape. This setup allows the device to operate reliably over long periods without disturbing the user. Altogether, the design supports continuous respiratory tracking in both clinical and home settings, offering a practical, low-power, and portable solution.