Design and Implementation of a Wi-Fi-Enabled BMS for Real-Time LiFePO₄ Cell Monitoring

This paper presents the design and implementation of a custom-built LiFePO₄ battery monitoring system that offers real-time visibility into the status of individual battery cells. The system is based on a Battery Management System (BMS) architecture while it is implemented the measuring of voltage, current, and temperature for each cell in a multi-cell pack. These key parameters are essential for ensuring safe operation, prolonging battery life, and optimizing energy usage in off-grid or mobile power systems.The system architecture is based on an ESP32 microcontroller that interfaces with INA219 and DS18B20 sensors to continuously measure individual cell voltage, current, and temperature. Data is transmitted wirelessly via Wi-Fi to a remote time-series database for centralized storage, analysis, and visualization. Experimental validation, conducted over a 15-day period, demonstrated stable system performance and reliable data transmission. Analytically, the findings indicate that utilizing an advanced smart charger for precise cell balancing and improving the physical layout for cooling led to superior thermal performance. Even with load currents nearly tripling to 110 mA, the system maintained a stable cell operating temperature range of 29.8 °C to 30.3 °C. This result confirms significantly reduced cell stress compared to previous iterations, which is critical for enhancing battery health and lifespan. The application of this project is aimed to demonstrates how a combination of open hardware components and lightweight network protocols can be used to create a robust, cost-effective battery monitoring solution suitable for integration into smart energy systems or remote IoT infrastructures.