EventsThe 3rd International Online Conference on Clinical Medicine
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This submission belongs to the session S1. Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine of the event The 3rd International Online Conference on Clinical Medicine
Published date
12 Nov, 2025
Academic Editor
author-avatarEmmanuel Andrès
Citation
Didac Mauricio, Maria Antentas, Marina Idalia Rojo López, Berta Fernàndez Camins, Minerva Granado Casas, Josep Julve, Relationship of dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus, in Proceedings of The 3rd International Online Conference on Clinical Medicine, 17 November–19 November 2025, MDPI: Basel, Switzerland
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Relationship of dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus

Maria Antentas 1
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Marina Idalia Rojo López 1,2
Berta Fernàndez Camins 1,2
Minerva Granado Casas 3,4,5
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Josep Julve 1,5
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Didac Mauricio 1,5,6
1. Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain, Spain
2. DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
3. GESEC Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain., Spain
4. Healthcare Research Group (GRECS), Institute of Biomedical Research in Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
5. CIBERDEM, ISCIII; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic/Central University of Catalonia (UVIC/UCC), Vic, Spain
Abstract

Introduction: Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) is a silent preclinical stage of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals with high-risk metabolic disorders. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown cardiovascular benefits in supplementation trials; however, evidence from habitual intake is limited particularly in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to assess the association between dietary EPA and DHA and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque(s) (SA) in adults with and without DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults with and without DM. EPA and DHA intake were assessed with a validated 101-item Spanish food frequency questionnaire. Ultrasound was used to detect the SA in the common, bulb and internal carotid arteries, by a blinded operator. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, waist circumference, glycemic control, and renal function, conducted in the overall sample and restricted to participants with DM (both type 1 and type 2).

Results: Out of 1,221 participants, 429 (35.1%) had AP (median age: 57 years), while 792 (64.9%) did not (median age: 45 years). DM was more frequent in the group with SA (57.3% vs. 36.4%). EPA intake was slightly higher in individuals with AP (0.14 vs. 0.13 g/day; p = 0.061), while DHA intake showed no difference (0.26 vs. 0.24 g/day; p = 0.202). In adjusted models, higher EPA intake was associated to lower odds of AP in analyses including all subjects (OR: 0.18; p = 0.018) and in those restricted to DM (OR 0.13; p=0.034). DHA intake was inversely associated with AP in all subjects (OR 0.37; p=0.010), with an association even stronger in DM (OR 0.25; p=0.008).

Conclusion: Higher dietary intake of EPA and DHA was associated with a lower likelihood of SA, particularly in subjects with diabetes.

Keywords
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
subclinical atherosclerosis
diabetes mellitus (DM)
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