Strengthening Veterinary Biosecurity and One Health Approaches for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa

_{Introduction: Zoonotic diseases are a persistent threat to public health and veterinary systems worldwide, with sub-Saharan Africa particularly vulnerable due to high livestock density, porous borders, and limited disease surveillance capacity. Strengthening veterinary biosecurity within a One Health framework is essential for preventing, detecting, and responding to these risks.}

_{Methods: This work draws on professional experience in biosecurity regulation at the National Biosafety Management Agency of Nigeria, combined with a review of relevant literature on zoonotic disease management. Case examples, including the spread of African swine fever and the increasing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in livestock, were examined to highlight current gaps in veterinary biosecurity systems.}

_{Results: Findings indicate that weaknesses in laboratory infrastructure, limited access to molecular diagnostic tools, and insufficient coordination between veterinary and public health agencies hinder timely outbreak detection and response. However, targeted interventions—such as the application of molecular diagnostics, improved vector control strategies, and capacity building for veterinary professionals—show significant potential for strengthening surveillance and containment efforts.}

_{Conclusions: Integrating veterinary biosecurity into national and regional One Health strategies offers a pathway to improve resilience against transboundary animal diseases and emerging zoonoses. Strengthening policies, enhancing international collaboration, and investing in diagnostic and biosafety infrastructure are critical to safeguarding both animal and human health. This contribution underscores the urgent need for sustainable, evidence-based approaches to protect sub-Saharan Africa from future biological threats.}