Formation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Orange Peel-Mediated-Synthesis TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were produced as a consequence of the synthesis procedure by making use of an aqueous extract of navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) and the co-precipitation approach. The structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposites were validated by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings from both methods revealed that the nanoparticles were effectively generated. These nanoparticles displayed the structure of anatase and ranged in size from fifty to one hundred fifty nanometers for each particle. In order to test the photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂NPs under natural sun irradiation utilizing a batch approach, the ability of the bio-synthesized TiO₂NPs to destroy Malachite green, which is a deadly organic dye, was used. The results of this study showed that the TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity of green malachite after being exposed to natural solar irradiation for a period of forty-five minutes. Additionally, they were successful in achieving a deterioration rate of 78% or higher. When the findings of this study are taken into consideration, it seems that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are a material that has the potential to be effective for the photodegradation of textiles. This material might be used in applications that are connected to environmental remediation.