An intelligent automated system for monitoring and repairing cracks in concrete elements using integrated sensors and embedded controllers

This study addressed crack formation and the rehabilitation of concrete elements, such as slabs and columns, in buildings located in areas with temperatures above 25 °C, where accelerated water evaporation significantly reduces structural strength. To mitigate this phenomenon, an intelligent automated monitoring and curing system was developed, based on thermal and humidity sensors and integrated controllers.

The research was applied, experimental, and explanatory, based on the hypothetical-deductive method. Physical models (test tubes, columns, and solid slabs) were used in a 1:2:3 ratio, integrating DS18B20 and HD-38 sensors. A visualization system was implemented in Proteus, with an LCD screen for data collection and analysis. Statistical analysis, with 95% confidence, revealed a moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.587; p = 0.001) between the environmental thermohygrometer and the DS18B20 sensor, indicating effective heat transfer. In contrast, the HD-38 sensor showed a low correlation (r = 0.143; p = 0.468), indicating a limited influence of ambient humidity on internal humidity.

Cracks were verified 120 minutes after the concrete was poured, a critical moment when the system acts by sprinkling water. The system repaired the initial cracks and consumed 1680 liters in 28 days, reducing water consumption by 20%. A critical evaporation peak was identified between 11:00 and 16:00 (UTC-5), not previously documented in tropical areas.