Numerical Analysis of Temperature and Current Density Distributions in an Atmospheric Pressure Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch under Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium

This study investigates the electrical and thermal behavior of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch operating at atmospheric pressure. A comprehensive numerical model is developed under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), enabling the analysis of temperature and current density distributions within the plasma region. The temperature field is primarily governed by ionization phenomena and Joule heating, both of which contribute significantly to the overall energy balance. Simultaneously, the current density is influenced by the spatial variation of the plasma's electrical properties, particularly its electrical conductivity. The model also accounts for the magnetic field induced by the alternating current in the induction coils. This self-generated magnetic field plays a critical role in plasma confinement and influences both the flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of electrical energy deposition. By coupling electromagnetic, thermal, and fluid flow equations, the simulation provides detailed insights into the physical mechanisms responsible for plasma stabilization and energy transfer. The main objective of this work is to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions between electromagnetic and thermal fields in ICP torches. Such understanding is essential for improving torch design and performance in various industrial processes, including materials processing, waste treatment, and surface modification. The results obtained can guide the optimization of operating parameters to achieve better energy efficiency, uniform temperature profiles, and improved plasma stability.