Management of Inflammation and Tendinitis Risk in Athletes with Omega-3: A Nutrigenetic-Based Personalized Approach

Introduction:
High inflammation levels and an increased tendinitis risk are key factors leading to performance decline, prolonged recovery, and recurrent injuries in athletes. The severity of these risks depends on each athlete’s genetic profile. Variants in genes encoding inflammatory markers (IL6, TNF, CRP) and connective tissue components (COL5A1, GDF5, MMP3) affect injury susceptibility. FADS1 and FADS2 variants involved in omega-3 metabolism influence endogenous EPA/DHA synthesis and play a critical role in inflammation control. Nutrigenetic approaches enable the design of training and nutrition strategies tailored to biological needs.

Methods:
Genetic markers related to inflammation, tendinitis risk, and omega-3 metabolism (FADS1, FADS2) were analyzed. Findings were interpreted using the relevant literature and athlete health guidelines to develop individualized anti-inflammatory nutrition and injury-prevention strategies.

Results:
Athletes with IL6 G/C and TNF A/G variants showed a higher likelihood of prolonged inflammation after intense training. COL5A1 TT and MMP3 GG genotypes, linked to tendon elasticity and resilience, were associated with slower recovery after microtrauma. FADS1 TT and/or risk genotypes in FADS2 reduced the conversion of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids to active EPA/DHA, indicating lower bioavailability. This suggests that standard omega-3 intake may be insufficient for some athletes, requiring individualized supplementation.

Conclusion:
Genetic profiling shows that inflammation and injury risks vary between athletes. Nutrigenetic assessments allow for the application of omega-3-supported anti-inflammatory nutrition with personalized dosage, duration, and composition. Tailoring omega-3 supplementation to FADS1/FADS2 genotypes may improve recovery, lower injury risk, and support sustainable athletic performance.