Integrated Zinc and Boron Application Enhances Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a key cereal in India, yet its productivity is often constrained by micronutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc (Zn) and boron (B). These nutrients are critical for photosynthesis, reproductive processes, and the partitioning of assimilates. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024 at IFTM University, Moradabad, to assess the impact of different Zn and B application methods on maize growth and yield. The study followed a randomized block design with eight treatments, including soil application, foliar spraying, and integrated approaches, each replicated three times. Growth attributes—plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DMA), and crop growth rate (CGR)—were recorded, while yield was measured at harvest. Results revealed that integrated Zn and B application through soil and foliar routes significantly enhanced crop performance compared with individual applications and the control. The combined treatment increased plant height by 14–18%, LAI by 20–25%, and DMA by 22–27%. Grain yield reached 6.40 t ha⁻¹ in 2024, representing a 28% gain over the control and 12–15% higher than single-nutrient treatments. These findings demonstrate that integrated soil-and-foliar applications of Zn and B improve nutrient uptake, growth, and yield efficiency. This approach offers a practical and scalable strategy for sustainable maize production under irrigated conditions in western Uttar Pradesh.