Social Participation and Occupational Identity in Adults with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study on the Role of Occupational Therapy in Community Reintegration

Introduction:
Social inclusion and participation are core determinants of health and wellbeing, particularly for individuals with disabilities. Occupational therapy (OT), when viewed through a sociological lens, can act as a transformative force that empowers individuals to reclaim meaningful roles in their communities. This study aims to explore the experiences of adults with acquired physical disabilities in relation to occupational identity and reintegration, emphasizing the role of community-based OT interventions.

Methods:
A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 adult participants (aged 28–64) who had acquired disabilities (e.g., post-stroke, traumatic injury) and participated in community-based occupational therapy programs in two urban rehabilitation centers in Greece. Interviews focused on perceived changes in occupational identity, social relationships, and participation in daily life. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework.

Results:
Three overarching themes emerged: (1) "Loss and Reclamation of Occupational Self", describing the disruption and gradual reconstruction of identity; (2) "Barriers to Participation", including structural inaccessibility and societal stigma; and (3) "The Empowering Role of Occupational Therapy", highlighting individualized, culturally sensitive interventions that fostered agency, self-efficacy, and community involvement.

Conclusions:
This study underscores the critical importance of contextualized, participatory OT practices that align with sociological principles of equity and inclusion. Occupational therapists are uniquely positioned to advocate for structural and attitudinal changes while co-creating inclusive occupational opportunities with service users. The findings support a broader, non-medicalized understanding of disability aligned with the social model and human rights frameworks.