Urban planning and design guidelines for integrating autonomous mobility into cities

The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) presents major challenges and opportunities for urban transformations, which are heavily dependent on robust planning and design decisions. Private or shared use, free circulation or the definition of restricted areas, shared or segregated streets, repurposing freed-up spaces, among others, are key issues that can help or hinder progress toward more sustainable, inclusive, and citizen-centred cities. The main objective of this research is to provide practical guidelines for urban planning and design that consider the deployment of autonomous vehicles, while promoting core city values endorsed by all citizens.

Based on research using participatory methodologies and qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study analyses the preferences of both citizens and experts regarding autonomous mobility and urban space allocation, identifying consensus and divergence between stakeholders. The comparison between the two groups reveals a clear preference for compact, green, and accessible cities focused on proximity, where the space released by AVs is prioritised to support active mobility. Regarding street space, the importance of designing safe and attractive streets is strongly emphasised.

Specific urban planning and design recommendations are developed and proposed based on these findings. In terms of urban planning, it is recommended to anticipate clear regulations governing AV circulation, integrate AVs into urban planning documents, avoid urban sprawl through policies that reinforce centrality and density, prioritise active and shared mobility, and implement positive incentive policies to reduce private car use.

Regarding urban design, the space freed by AVs should be allocated to pedestrians, cyclists, and green areas, thereby contributing to urban quality and a better environment. Specifically for streets, the design recommendations are to widen pedestrian walkways, create protected cycle lanes, and develop flexible multifunctional zones that integrate greenery, urban furniture, and public spaces. Safety at intersections is a priority, with proposals for physical interventions, improved visibility, and enhanced signage. Designs need to be tailored to street typologies, promoting specific solutions according to the type of street.

These guidelines offer a roadmap for local authorities and urban planning professionals seeking to guide the transition toward a more liveable, resilient, and equitable city shaped by autonomous mobility.