From Degradation to Restoration: Nature-Based Solutions for Environmental Recovery

Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources have intensified environmental degradation, resulting in biodiversity loss, soil erosion, water scarcity, and climate instability. In this context, Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as a transformative framework for addressing environmental challenges through the sustainable management and restoration of natural ecosystems. This assessment highlights the environmental benefits of NbS in promoting environmental recovery across terrestrial, aquatic, and coastal ecosystems. Key strategies such as reforestation, wetland rehabilitation, green infrastructure, sustainable agriculture, and coastal ecosystem restoration are discussed in relation to their ecological, social, and economic impacts. The study also emphasizes the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and modern technologies to enhance restoration efficiency and long-term resilience. Furthermore, it explores the role of NbS in achieving global sustainability goals, particularly in climate adaptation, carbon sequestration, and disaster risk reduction. Despite their growing recognition, the implementation of NbS remains challenged by limited policy support, inadequate funding, and insufficient cross-sector collaboration. Strengthening governance frameworks, public awareness, and scientific innovation is essential to scale up their effectiveness. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of NbS as a bridge between environmental conservation and socioeconomic development, offering a sustainable pathway from degradation to ecological restoration.