Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial and Urban Discharges on Groundwater and Surface Water in the Commune of Dar Bouazza

The commune of Dar Bouazza is facing a progressive deterioration of its water resources. A study characterizing the well water used by local hammams revealed significant contamination, characterized by high concentrations of total bacteria, total coliforms, sulfite-reducing spores, and heavy metals such as chromium and nickel, along with substantial nitrate levels. These findings suggested long-standing pollution, likely resulting from the slow percolation of untreated wastewater through geological layers and from the use of undersized septic systems in informal settlements.

To better understand the true origin and extent of this pollution, an environmental prospection was conducted upstream of the initial study area. This investigation enabled mapping of industrial facilities and informal housing zones and the assessment of their wastewater discharge practices. Observations indicated that several industries and peri-urban settlements discharge wastewater directly into the environment, including rivers, thereby constituting a major source of contamination affecting both surface water and groundwater.

Water samples were collected from a douar and from the river to evaluate the impact of these discharges on water quality. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses confirmed significant pollution, indicating strong anthropogenic pressure and a pronounced environmental risk.

This study highlights the urgent need to implement sustainable wastewater management solutions and protective measures for water resources to safeguard public health and ecological balance within the commune of Dar Bouazza.