Prevalence of Honey Bee Pathologies in Algeria: Insights for Sustainable Apiculture

Introduction:
Honey bees play a critical role in pollination and the maintenance of biodiversity. In Algeria, bee populations face multiple health challenges due to apicultural diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as infestations by Varroa destructor. These pathologies threaten colony survival, reduce honey production, and may negatively affect agricultural ecosystems. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and regional distribution of major honey bee diseases in Algeria to inform targeted prevention and management strategies.

Methods:
A national survey was conducted between 2023 and 2024, covering 15 apiaries across different climatic and ecological zones of Algeria. Colony samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial infections (Paenibacillus larvae), viral diseases (e.g., Deformed Wing Virus), and parasitic infestations, including Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. Data were analyzed to determine disease prevalence, regional patterns, and risk factors associated with environmental and management conditions.

Results:
The study revealed a high prevalence of key apicultural diseases, with notable variations between regions. Varroa destructor emerged as the most widespread parasite, followed by bacterial and viral infections. Apiaries located in intensive agricultural areas exhibited higher disease incidence, suggesting a link between agricultural practices and colony health. Seasonal and environmental factors also influenced disease prevalence, highlighting the need for context-specific management approaches.

Conclusion:
These findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring and integrated disease management in Algeria. Strengthening preventive measures, raising awareness among beekeepers, and promoting sustainable apicultural practices are essential to safeguard honey bee health, ensure colony productivity, and support biodiversity conservation. This study provides a foundation for developing effective strategies to mitigate the impact of apicultural diseases in the region.