Foreign Body Ingestion (FBI) in a Rhinella sp. Toad—A Case Report

Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is well-documented in domestic animals but less frequently reported in wildlife, particularly amphibians, due to diagnostic challenges and underreporting. FBI-reported cases in Rhinella toads are especially rare, with limited documentation in the scientific literature. This case report describes an adult female Rhinella sp. toad (800 g) kept as a pet in a backyard with an artificial pond. It was occasionally fed meat and mealworms and had free outdoor access. The owner reported that the patient had recently become anorexic and lethargic. Clinical evaluation showed no abnormalities, but a ventrodorsal radiograph revealed a suspected gastric foreign body. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was recommended, with the owner consenting to the surgery the following day. However, on the morning of the scheduled procedure, the owner reported that the patient had passed away. Upon necropsy, the presence of an aluminum foil lid from a yogurt container was revealed inside the stomach. The lid had perforated the gastrointestinal tract, leading to free fluid accumulation in the coelomic cavity and signs of peritoneal inflammation. Rhinella toads are endemic to Brazil, serving a vital function in environmental conservation. Although they are not commonly kept as pets, those with access to outdoor spaces may be at risk of ingesting litter. This case report highlights the importance of responsible waste management, as improper trash disposal can pose serious health risks not only to domestic animals but also to local wildlife. Improved awareness and preventive measures are essential to mitigate the risks associated with environmental contamination.