Ectoparasite Prevalence and Diversity in Domestic Animals from Northeastern Romania: One Health Implications

Ectoparasitic infestations pose significant challenges to animal welfare and public health, acting as vectors for pathogens and inducing dermatological disorders. This study investigated the presence and diversity of ectoparasites in companion animals in Fălticeni, Suceava County, Romania, during 2024. A total of 100 symptomatic animals (dogs, cats, and Syrian hamsters) were examined using clinical inspection and microscopic identification. Four ectoparasite taxa were identified: Otodectes cynotis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Demodex cati, and Demodex criceti. Among the positive cases, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent (43.1%), followed by O. cynotis (28.4%), D. cati (18.9%), and D. criceti (9.6%). Observed clinical signs included alopecia, erythema, auricular discharge, and crusted lesions. The results underscore the continuous exposure of companion animals to ectoparasites and highlight the need for integrated preventive strategies. By identifying the presence of these taxa locally, this study supports the One Health framework, emphasizing the interconnectedness of animals and their environment. Notably, while most identified species are host-specific, the presence of the brown dog tick (R. sanguineus) represents a direct public health concern due to its known role as a vector for zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. These findings advocate for the implementation of systematic ectoparasite surveillance to enhance the overall welfare of companion animals in Romania. In conclusion, coordinated regional monitoring and preventive strategies are essential to effectively manage ectoparasitic infestations and mitigate associated health risks.