Comparative evaluation of niosomal drug delivery systems containing 20-hydroxyecdysone for potential psoriatic therapy

Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects approximately 3% of the global population. While 20-hydroxyecdysone, a compound with recognized immunomodulatory effects, shows potential as a therapeutic agent, its low topical bioavailability limits its efficacy. Nanoformulations, such as niosomes, offer a promising solution to enhance the delivery of this compound. Niosomes, composed of lipids and surfactants, present several advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low production costs, and ease of large-scale manufacturing. These attributes make them an attractive option for enhancing the topical delivery of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the treatment of psoriasis.

This study aimed to characterize and evaluate niosomal formulations with different compositions of surfactants and cholesterol for the encapsulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone. The formulations were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, followed by sonication to achieve a uniform particle distribution. Characterization was performed using a Zetasizer Nano ZS for particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential measurements, an osmometer for osmolarity determination, and a pH meter for pH measurements. Encapsulation efficiency was determined using HPLC.

The resulting niosomal formulations exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and demonstrated good stability. The formulations showed an osmolarity of approximately 290 mOsm/kg and a pH of roughly 7, both of which are well-suited for potential topical skin applications.

The composition of the niosomal formulations and their proportions were found to influence properties, suggesting the possibility of further optimizing the formulation. These results provide support for the continued investigation of niosome-based delivery systems for 20-hydroxyecdysone in the treatment of psoriasis.

Funding: Research aimed at developing a new, innovative pharmaceutical form for the topical treatment of psoriasis vulgaris is being implemented as part of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, as part of Investment D3.1.1 Comprehensive development of research in medical sciences and health sciences, reference number: 2024/ABM/03/KPO/KPOD.07.07-IW.07-0043/24-00.