Enhanced Energy-Relevant and Multifunctional Properties of β-SiC/Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Advanced Energy Materials

Polymer-based materials are attractive for energy applications due to their low density, mechanical flexibility, and ease of processing; however, their intrinsically low thermal conductivity, limited dielectric performance, and weak ultraviolet (UV) resistance restrict their functionality in advanced energy and electronic systems. To overcome these limitations, this study reports the development of β-silicon carbide (β-SiC) reinforced isotactic polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites designed to achieve enhanced multifunctional properties relevant to modern energy technologies and applications.

β- silicon carbide nanostructures were synthesized via high-temperature carbothermal methods and incorporated into the PP matrix at controlled filler loadings using melt blending followed by compression molding. This approach ensured uniform filler dispersion and strong interfacial interactions, which are critical for effective property enhancement, mechanical stability, and long-term performance. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction confirmed the retention of the cubic β-SiC phase, while scanning electron microscopy revealed nanoscale filler distribution and good adhesion at the filler–matrix interface. Optical absorption measurements indicated a direct band gap of 5.76 eV for the nanocomposites, slightly higher than that of pristine β-SiC, suggesting modification of electronic states due to polymer–filler interactions and interfacial effects.

Dielectric measurements showed a notable increase in relative permittivity and energy storage capability compared to neat PP, attributed primarily to Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization. Incorporation of β-SiC also improved thermal conductivity, supporting enhanced heat dissipation, and significantly increased UV absorption, demonstrating potential for solar shielding and protective energy applications.

The novelty of this work lies in the simultaneous improvement of dielectric, thermal, and optical functionalities within a lightweight polymer matrix, achieved through controlled interfacial engineering and conventional processing techniques. These multifunctional β-SiC/PP nanocomposites provide a versatile platform for dielectric films, thermal management layers, capacitive energy storage devices, and solar energy applications. Overall, this study offers new insights into designing high-performance, environmentally sustainable, and efficient polymer nanocomposites for advanced energy-related technologies.