Social Networking in marginality: Eco-Mapping the associations of Homeless Elderly People of Multan, Pakistan

Homelessness among elderly individuals is an emerging social issue in Punjab, particularly in the urban areas of Mutlan where limited family support and inadequate social protection increase vulnerability in old age. Despite their marginalization, homeless elderly people often develop informal social networks that help them manage daily survival. This study explores the nature of social connections and associations in the everyday lives of homeless elderly individuals using eco-mapping as an analytical tool. A qualitative research design was adopted to understand participants’ lived experiences. Data were collected from 17 homeless elderly individuals through in-depth interviews and eco-mapping exercises, which enabled participants to visually represent their relationships with individuals, groups, and institutions in their daily environment. These maps helped identify both supportive and strained connections within their social networks. The findings reveal that homeless elderly individuals rely heavily on informal relationships with fellow homeless persons, local shopkeepers, religious institutions, and charity groups for food, emotional support, and temporary shelter. However, these networks remain fragile due to social stigma, unstable living conditions, and limited institutional assistance. The study highlights the significance of social networks as informal support systems and suggests strengthening community-based and institutional interventions to improve the well-being and social inclusion of homeless elderly populations.