Micro- and Nanoplastics in Food Products and Drinking Water: Risk Assessment, Analytical Methods, and Regulatory Framework Development

Introduction. Assessing dietary intake of synthetic polymer particles is a critical issue. For the first time in Russia, an interdisciplinary study addressed the emerging problem of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in food hygiene and safety.

Methods. The research included global literature analysis, preparation of MPs/NPs reference materials, development and validation of analytical methods for detecting MPs/NPs in key food types and drinking water, and exposure and health risk assessment for the general population and occupational groups.

Results. MPs contamination levels in most of the 81 tested samples (salt, sugar, juices, cereals, etc.) were relatively low. However, certain bottled waters, nylon tea bags, and paperboard cups were identified as significant MP/NP sources with regular use. Athletes consuming bottled water and take-away food in plastic may face elevated exposure. Findings informed the development of methodological guidelines, “Procedure for Detecting Micro- and Nanoplastic Particles in Food Products and Drinking Water”, outlining a structured protocol for sample preparation, separation, and analysis.

Conclusion. The protocol enables organizations to conduct large-scale MPs/NPs studies and generate representative data. A database on consumption of plastic-packaged foods and products with high MPs levels was created. Combined with representative MPs/NPs concentration data in Russian food products, this will support future assessments of dietary MPs exposure for the Russian population.

The research was carried out within the framework of a subsidy from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the implementation of a state assignment No. 075-00329-26-00.