Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Standalone PV Systems

Standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems require efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques to ensure optimal power extraction under varying environmental conditions. Classical methods such as Incremental Conductance (INC) strategies provide acceptable tracking accuracy but often suffer from fluctuations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and slow dynamic response under fast atmospheric conditions. This work suggests an enhanced Incremental Conductance MPPT technique for a standalone PV system in order to improve tracking efficiency, performance and system stability. The proposed approach introduces an adaptive step-size mechanism that adjusts automatically according to variations in environmental conditions, enabling faster convergence toward the MPP while reducing steady-state oscillations. The standalone PV system consists of a PV array generator, a DC–DC boost converter linked to a resistive load, which is controlled by the suggested enhanced MPPT algorithm. The system is modeled and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, version 2020b. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the enhanced INC technique improves tracking accuracy and response speed compared with the conventional IC method, while maintaining stable operation under weather variations. The proposed control strategy maintains stable operation under rapid irradiance variations while ensuring reduced power losses. Its simple structure and low computational requirements make it suitable for efficient implementation in standalone photovoltaic energy conversion systems. The proposed method offers a simple and effective solution to improve power extraction in standalone photovoltaic applications.