Web-Based Energy Yield Modeling Tool for Prototype Movable Photovoltaic Power Plants in Agricultural Automation

This work introduces an energy yield modeling methodology for prototype movable photovoltaic power plants. Converting a complex multi-parameter system characterized by moving components and orientations into a free web-based application. The model lets users evaluate photovoltaic energy production across Europe by incorporating geographic location, panel orientation and installation capacity. The methodology is based on the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), developed by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, which provides high-resolution solar irradiation and climate data. The work expands the PVGIS capabilities into mobile platforms.

The research evaluates the energy potential of three photovoltaic system configurations: (1) flat horizontal panels, (2) fixed installations of wings with an optimized tilt angle, and (3) tracking systems with panels affixed to movable wings functioning across a complete range of motion to enhance energy output. The results show that static and tracking systems produce very different amounts of energy each year and each season.Tracking configurations achieve higher energy output, particularly in higher latitudes and during transitional seasons such as spring and autumn.

In addition the tool evaluates the impact of electrical energy storage. Scenarios with and without battery storage are analyzed with an optimal battery capacity reccomandation is given. The findings indicate that appropriately sized energy storage can improve system reliability and self-consumption. However, excessive storage space can make performance gains less noticeable.

The proposed web-based modeling approach provides a practical and transparent tool for researchers, engineers, and project developers to assess system performance. By simplifying complex simulations into an intuitive interface, the tool supports informed decision-making in the planning and optimization of prototype movable photovoltaic installations across Europe, especially agricultural automation scenarios.