Biomimetic Patch for Vascular Repair and Patency Diagnosis

As the crucial final step in cardiovascular surgery, vascular suturing often comes with risks such as vascular stenosis and occlusion, which pose threats to the patient's health. Currently, drug therapy and instrument-assisted diagnosis are used to prevent complications. However, the best solution for real-time monitoring and suppression of these situations has not yet been found. In view of the mechanical deformation caused by vascular dilation and contraction, this study prepared a biomimetic collagen substrate through electrospinning and the photopolymerization of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). Tartaric acid (TA) and MXene modification respectively endowed it with the biological functions of promoting cell growth and anti-inflammation, as well as excellent sensing performance, aiming to promote vascular repair while monitoring vascular health signals. The results showed that the biomimetic piezoresistive nanofibers had excellent conductivity (8.1 S/m) and excellent sensing performance, including high sensitivity (S = 0.03 kPa^-1), rapid response/recovery (36.5 ms/42.4 ms), and good stability (> 8000 cycles), capable of monitoring micro physiological signals such as pulse and wrist bending. In vitro experiments showed that this biomimetic fiber patch not only had good biocompatibility, promoting cell adhesion and spreading, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biological functions, but also had the sensing function of real-time monitoring of vascular health status. In subsequent in vivo experiments, the biomimetic fiber patch was combined with the flexible PCB and machine learning algorithms to construct an intelligent wireless integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platform. This platform enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of different health conditions of vascular patency, occlusion and repair, successfully preventing vascular thrombosis formation and accelerating healing. In conclusion, this study successfully proves the potential of the biomimetic piezoresistive nanofiber system for integrated diagnosis and treatment through in vitro simulation and in vivo experiments, providing a promising example for vascular repair management.