Socio-Ecohydrological Dynamics of Belai Bil: Environmental Change and Community Responses in a Seasonal Wetland of Bangladesh

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They provide essential ecological services such as hydrological regulation, biodiversity conservation, and livelihood support. However, they are increasingly threatened by climate change and human activities that alter hydrological systems, degrade water quality, and deteriorate socio-ecohydrological relationships. Belai Bil, a seasonal marsh wetland in Bangladesh, represents a dynamic water body where hydrological processes and community livelihoods are closely interconnected.

This study investigates the ecohydrological dynamics of Belai Bil and their socioeconomic implications for local communities. Using spatial analysis, field observations, and stakeholder surveys, the research examines temporal changes in land use, water availability, and ecological functions. The impacts of industrialization, urbanization, intensive agriculture, and seasonal hydrological fluctuations on groundwater recharge, fisheries, agricultural practices, and livelihood strategies were prior topics.

The study adopts a socio-ecohydrological perspective, emphasizing the correlation of water systems, ecological processes, and human activities. In Belai Bil, these interactions are intensified by industrial development, tourism expansion, and climate-induced changes in precipitation and temperature patterns. The findings reveal that reduced seasonal water availability, pollution from fertilizers and untreated wastewater, and land-use changes have negatively impacted traditional livelihoods, prompting communities to diversify income sources and modify resource-use practices.

At the same time, the research highlights the potential of wetland restoration to enhance ecohydrological resilience and improve water security. The study further demonstrates that integrating local knowledge and community-based adaptive practices into environmental planning can support sustainable wetland management. Overall, this research contributes to the growing field of socio-ecohydrology by providing an integrated understanding of coupled human–water systems and offering policy-relevant insights for wetland conservation, climate adaptation, and sustainable resource management.