Modeling the Knowledge–Attitude–Practice Pathways Driving Plastic Reduction Behavior in the United Arab Emirates

Introduction:
Plastic pollution poses increasing environmental pressure on landscapes, urban ecosystems, and human–environment interactions, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions such as the United Arab Emirates. Reducing single-use plastic consumption requires understanding how environmental knowledge and attitudes translate into actual reduction practices. This study examines the knowledge–attitude–practice pathways shaping plastic reduction behavior among UAE residents, with emphasis on their relevance to reducing environmental degradation and supporting sustainable landscape management.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 393 adult UAE residents was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model assessed reliability and validity across knowledge, attitude, and practice indicators, while the structural model evaluated direct and mediated relationships among the constructs.

Results:
Attitudes had a strong positive effect on sustainable plastic reduction practices (β = 0.519, p < 0.001). Knowledge also showed a significant direct effect on practices (β = 0.152, p < 0.001) and an indirect effect through attitudes. These findings indicate that environmental knowledge contributes to behavior change most effectively when it supports positive attitudes toward reducing plastic use and minimizing environmental pollution.

Conclusions:
The results highlight the importance of attitudinal pathways in reducing plastic-related environmental pressures. Strengthening public attitudes toward plastic reduction may help limit waste generation, reduce pollution risks, protect urban and natural ecosystems, and support more sustainable human interaction with landscapes in the UAE.