Investigation of Nuisance and Allergenic Environmental Odour Sources in Budapest

The issue of nuisance and allergenic environmental odours has become increasingly significant, as it directly affects air quality, human health, and overall environmental comfort in both urban and rural areas. Climate change, urbanization, and the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities have led to evolving emission patterns, posing new challenges for air quality management and environmental health protection.

The primary objective of this research is to analyze the impact of odour emissions of animal, plant, and climatic origin on air quality and quality of life, with a particular focus on their role in air pollution and exposure pathways. Special emphasis is placed on identifying emission sources, understanding dispersion mechanisms, and evaluating their contribution to local air quality degradation.

The study is based on a structured public survey, which was used to assess subjective odour perception, frequency of complaints, and their spatial distribution across Budapest. The methodology also includes the examination of correlations between odour exposure, meteorological conditions, and reported health symptoms, thereby supporting a more comprehensive air quality assessment framework.

Our hypothesis assumes that the most significant odour sources originate from agricultural and livestock-related activities; however, plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and airborne allergens such as pollen also play a crucial role in shaping perceived air quality. Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of odour-related complaints are strongly influenced by meteorological factors and spatial variability. Prolonged exposure to odorous air pollutants may lead not only to physical symptoms but also to psychological stress.

Overall, the research highlights the importance of integrated odour management within air quality protection strategies. Technological innovations, improved emission control, and the inclusion of community-based monitoring systems are essential for enhancing environmental comfort and mitigating air pollution impacts. The findings support the development of adaptive environmental policies and targeted air protection measures in urban environments.