A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence and Etiology of Camel Dermatophytosis in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE

Introduction: Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a highly contagious, zoonotic fungal skin disease affecting camels, leading to significant economic losses due to decreased productivity and poor hide quality. Despite its importance, limited data exists on its prevalence and causative agents in the camels of the UAE.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis in Camelus dromedarius across the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and to identify the primary dermatophyte species involved using conventional and advanced phenotypic methods.

Method: A total of 277 skin scraping samples were collected from camels exhibiting suspected ringworm lesions across the three regions of the Emirate: Abu Dhabi (n=105), Al Ain (n=72), and Al Dhafra (n=100). Samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination and cultured on selective and differential mycological media. Dermatophyte species were confirmed using MALDI-ToF.

Result: Overall prevalence of dermatophytosis in the examined camels was 58.8% (163/277). Regional prevalence varied significantly, with the highest rate observed in Al Dhafra (100%, 100/100), followed by Al Ain (44.4%, 32/72) and Abu Dhabi (29.5%, 31/105). Trichophyton species were the dominant etiological agents, accounting for 98.77% (161/163) of positive cases, with T. mentagrophytes (18/163, 11.0%) and T. rubrum (6/163, 3.7%) being the most frequently identified. M gypseum was isolated in 1.23% (2/163) of cases. Lesions were most observed on the neck and face. A single suspected human case was reported but not confirmed.

Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of dermatophytosis in the camel population of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, with Trichophyton species identified as the predominant cause. The findings underscore the significant burden of this disease and its potential zoonotic risk. The results highlight an urgent need for the implementation of strategic control measures, surveillance programs, and public health education for animal handlers to mitigate the spread and economic impact of ringworm in the region.