Bridging the Knowledge–Practice Gap in Tick Prevention: A One Health based Study among Companion Animal Owners in Kerala, India

Background:

Tick-borne diseases represent an increasing threat at the human–animal–environment interface, particularly in tropical regions such as Kerala, India. Despite close human–pet interactions, evidence on how pet owners perceive and respond to tick-borne risks remains limited. This study adopted a One Health–oriented Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) approach to identify gaps that may undermine effective tick control.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 405 pet animal owners using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire. KAP scores were computed using standardized criteria. Associations between socio-demographic variables, veterinary engagement, and preventive practices were examined using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

While 58.3% of respondents demonstrated good knowledge and 76.0% expressed positive attitudes toward tick control and zoonotic risk, only 37.0% reported good preventive practices. Awareness of zoonotic transmission was high (82.1%); however, misconceptions regarding year-round tick occurrence persisted. A knowledge–practice gap was identified. Receipt of information from veterinarians emerged as the strongest predictor of good practices (adjusted OR = 2.71; p < 0.001), exceeding the influence of education and attitudes. Respondents showed strong support (88.1%) for inter-sectoral collaboration, reflecting receptiveness toward One Health strategies.

Conclusions:

This study indicates that high awareness and favorable attitudes do not translate into effective tick-prevention behavior. The findings emphasize the role of veterinarians as behavioral change agents and highlight the need to move beyond awareness-based interventions toward practice-focused strategies. By demonstrating a knowledge–practice disconnect in high-risk tropical setting, this study provides evidence to support integrated tick-borne disease control policies.