Long-Term Epidemiological Dynamics, Control of Brucellosis, and Human Complications in Albania and the Korçë Region:One Health Approaches to Emerging Zoonotic Threats.

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Brucella species, transmitted from animals to humans through contact or products, affecting multiple systems and causing serious focal complications in humans.

Understanding the situation of brucellosis in humans and animals in Albania and the Korçë region, as well as raising awareness about its consequences for human health through the One Health approach.

Methodology: For the realization of this study, a descriptive-analytical study design was used. The material includes data collected from the epidemiological reporting databases of brucellosis from the Institute of Public Health the Veterinary Service , the Directorate of Public Health , and the Regional Hospital of Korçë.

We studied the identified cases of brucellosis based on epidemiological surveillance data for animals (cattle and small ruminants) in Albania , Korçë region, as well as patients diagnosed with brucellosis in Albania and the Korçë district. We also examined the condition and complications of patients with brucellosis hospitalized at the Regional Hospital .

The study covers the time period 1980 - 2025.

Resultats :In the 1990s, the opening of international borders and uncontrolled trade of livestock led to an increase in brucellosis cases, mainly in small ruminants. The peak occurred between 2002–2005 in the Korçë region, where 84 of 156 villages were identified as infected foci, accompanied by a high number of human cases, with a predominance in rural areas, especially among males aged 40–60 years. Vaccination programs reduced cases significantly, although a rise was observed in 2012–2013. The 2017 mass vaccination significantly reduced cases, but brucellosis persists in cattle, with increased incidence in 2025 and more hospitalizations reported January 2026.

Conclusions: Brucellosis remains endemic with ongoing transmission. Although better controlled in recent years, it is not yet eradicated in Albania or the Korçë region, with new cases still occurring.