Study of the wood suitability from different species of oak for the manufacture of barrels

Through a forest inventory in stands of native oak in northwestern Spain (Quercus robur L., Q. pyrenaica Willd. and Q. petraea (Matts.) Liebl.), we have obtained the data to calculate the environmental and silvicultural parameters that characterize the forest site. Furthermore, in order to identify the potential of the different locations for obtaining wood suitable for cooperage, we have described the stands from a forestry view. This will allow us to know in advance what type of silvicultural treatment will be most suitable for each stand. Finally, the xylological information (wood physical parameters, such as the proportion of bark, sapwood and heartwood, density, porosity and grain) obtained from different samples from trees felled will show us how suitable the wood is for barrel production. The studied oak forests are located in eastern Galicia, bordering western Asturias and León. To establish the sampling points, two factors were considered: areas near the edge were excluded to avoid it, and homogeneous stands were chosen, in good health and, if possible, without pollard trees. Following, an inventory was led using rectangular plots, aiming to cover all possible combinations of age classes, site qualities, and densities. The plot size was variable, ensuring a minimum of 50 trees. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of trees with a DBH of 5 cm or greater were measured. In addition, two dominant trees were selected from each plot, felled, and cut into sections, extracting wood discs at different heights along the trunk. Finally, samples were obtained from each disc according to the UNE 56-526-78 standard for carrying out wood tests with small-sized and defect-free samples. Oak wood is classified as sinuous, which determines its drying process and uses. The great hardness in the three species is related to their high density.

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