Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-Coated Bands and Conventional Bands: An In Vitro Study

Introduction

Fixed orthodontic space maintainers are essential in preventive and interceptive orthodontics, but they frequently alter the oral microflora, leading to increased plaque accumulation and a higher risk of dental caries. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, offers a potential solution due to its inherent biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and ability to promote enamel remineralization.

Aim

To compare the antimicrobial and remineralization effects of Chitosan-coated orthodontic bands against conventional uncoated bands.

Materials and Method

A sample of 30 bands was divided into two groups of 15 each:

• Group 1: Chitosan-coated (n=15)
• Group 2: Conventional band (n=15)

Antimicrobial testing was performed against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and S. aureus. Remineralization was evaluated across baseline, demineralization, and remineralization phases.

Results

• Antimicrobial: Coated bands showed higher inhibition percentages over uncoated bands for S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and S. aureus.
• Remineralization: Coated bands maintained higher values than uncoated bands at baseline and after demineralization. Following the remineralization phase, the coated group achieved a substantially higher value than the uncoated group.

Conclusion

Chitosan-coated orthodontic bands appear to be a promising approach for reducing microbial colonization and improving enamel resistance around space maintainers. This modification may help enhance the clinical performance of fixed orthodontic appliances and support better preventive care in pediatric dentistry.