Clinical and Statistical Insights into Impacted Third Molars and Dental Crowding

Background:
Crowding is one of the most prevalent dentofacial anomalies and is frequently discussed in relation to disturbances in third molar eruption. Despite numerous studies, the contribution of third molars to the development of dental crowding remains controversial, particularly when differences between the maxillary and mandibular arches are considered.
Objective:
To investigate the association between the status of third molars and dental arch crowding in the maxilla and mandible in young adults.
Materials and Methods:
The study included 177 patients aged 20–22 years who sought orthodontic consultation and had not received previous orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 97 females (54.8%) and 80 males (45.2%). A retrospective analysis of clinical and radiographic records was performed. The status of third molars was classified as normal eruption, impaction, or agenesis. The presence of dental crowding was assessed separately for the maxillary and mandibular arches. Comparative analysis of the relationship between third molar status and dental crowding in the upper and lower jaws was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square (χ²) test, with the level of statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
A comparative evaluation demonstrated differences in the association between third molar status and dental crowding depending on the jaw involved. Statistically significant relationships were identified between impacted third molars and the presence of dental crowding in specific arches (p < 0.05). The strength and pattern of these associations varied between the maxilla and mandible, indicating jaw-specific characteristics in the interaction between third molar eruption disturbances and arch space conditions.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that the relationship between third molars and dental crowding is not uniform and differs between the upper and lower dental arches. Impacted third molars may be associated with dental crowding; however, their influence appears to be multifactorial and arch-dependent. These results support the need for individualized assessment when considering the role of third molars in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.