Neurotoxic effects of exposure to organic and inorganic compounds in dentistry

Introduction:
Occupational exposure to chemical agents in dentistry represents a potential risk for
adverse neurological outcomes. Dental professionals are routinely exposed to both
organic compounds (e.g., resin monomers, solvents) and inorganic substances (e.g.,
mercury and other heavy metals), which may contribute to neurotoxic effects. This
study aims to map and synthesize existing evidence on neurotoxicity associated with
such exposures in dental settings.
Methods:
A structured literature search was designed using the Population-Concept-Context
(PCC) framework. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science,
ScienceDirect, and LILACS (BVS full collection) were systematically searched.
Eligible studies included observational and experimental human studies assessing
neurological or neurobehavioral outcomes in dental professionals with occupational
exposure to chemical agents. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predefined, and
studies were screened by relevance to population, exposure type, and outcome
measures.
Results:
Preliminary findings indicate that dental personnel are exposed to a range of potentially
neurotoxic substances, particularly mercury from dental amalgams and volatile organic
compounds from restorative materials. Reported neurotoxic effects include cognitive
impairment, memory disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, and motor dysfunction.
Variability in exposure levels, duration of practice, and use of protective measures
contribute to heterogeneous findings across studies. Evidence suggests a dose–response
relationship in some cases, although confounding factors and methodological
differences limit direct comparisons.
Conclusions:
Occupational exposure to organic and inorganic compounds in dentistry may be
associated with measurable neurotoxic effects. Strengthened preventive strategies,
improved exposure monitoring, and standardized research methodologies are needed to
better characterize risks and support safer dental practice environments.