The role of dental professionals in the multidisciplinary management of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration, leading to severe muscle weakness, impaired speech, dysphagia, and loss of functional independence. As the disease progresses, oral health management becomes increasingly challenging, resulting in higher risks of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infections, and reduced quality of life. Due to these complex needs, ALS patients require a multidisciplinary approach, where dental professionals play a key role in maintaining oral health, preventing complications, and supporting overall patient care.

Aim: This study aims to explore the role of dental professionals in the multidisciplinary management of patients with ALS and to highlight the importance of integrating oral health care into the overall treatment plan.

Methods: A descriptive literature-based and clinical practice-oriented approach was used to evaluate the involvement of dental professionals in the care of ALS patients. Information was gathered from clinical observations in dental practice, interdisciplinary consultations, and existing evidence regarding oral health management in neurologically impaired patients. Key aspects analyzed included preventive oral care strategies, treatment planning adaptations, caregiver guidance, and collaboration with neurologists, speech therapists, and rehabilitation specialists.

Results: The findings indicate that dental professionals play a crucial role in early prevention, maintenance of oral hygiene, and management of oral complications in ALS patients. Regular dental monitoring helps reduce the risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral infections. Adapted treatment approaches, including simplified oral hygiene protocols and caregiver-assisted care, are essential due to patients’ limited motor abilities. Collaboration between dental professionals and multidisciplinary teams improves treatment outcomes, enhances patient comfort, and supports nutritional intake and communication. However, limited awareness of the importance of dental involvement in ALS care and insufficient integration of dental services into neuromuscular care pathways remain significant challenges.