Oral health among older adults in Albania: Issues identified from clinical practice

Background: Oral health is a key determinant of overall health, functional independence, and quality of life among older adults. Aging is often associated with an increased prevalence of oral health problems, including tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, ill-fitting dentures, and difficulties in chewing and speaking. These conditions may negatively affect nutrition, social interaction, and general well-being. In Albania, the growing elderly population highlights the need to better understand oral health challenges and barriers to preventive and restorative dental care.

Aim: This study aims to identify the most common oral health problems among older adults in Albania and to explore factors influencing oral health status based on observations from clinical dental practice.

Methods: A descriptive practice-based study was conducted using data from routine dental examinations and clinical records of older adult patients attending dental clinics in Albania. Clinical observations focused on oral health conditions such as dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, prosthetic rehabilitation needs, oral mucosal lesions, and oral hygiene status. Additional information regarding oral hygiene habits, frequency of dental visits, systemic diseases, medication use, and access to dental services was collected during clinical assessments. Descriptive analyses were performed to identify recurring patterns and key challenges affecting oral health in this population.

Results: Clinical findings revealed a high prevalence of tooth loss, untreated dental caries, periodontal disease, and poor oral hygiene among older adults. Many patients reported irregular dental attendance, often seeking care only in cases of pain or functional impairment. Difficulties related to denture maintenance, reduced manual dexterity, chronic systemic conditions, and medication-induced xerostomia were frequently observed. Limited awareness of preventive dental care and financial barriers also contributed to poor oral health outcomes. Patients who attended regular dental check-ups and maintained consistent oral hygiene practices generally showed better oral health status and fewer complications.