EventsThe 1st International Online Conference on Symmetry
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This submission belongs to the session S1. Mathematical Physics of the event The 1st International Online Conference on Symmetry
Published date
15 Oct, 2026
Academic Editor
author-avatarKazuharu Bamba
Citation
Bolin Zhang, jipeng cheng, Generalized Wronskian Solutions of the Constrained KP Hierarchy, in Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Symmetry, 20 October–22 October 2026, MDPI: Basel, Switzerland
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Generalized Wronskian Solutions of the Constrained KP Hierarchy

Bolin Zhang 1
1. Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221400, China
Abstract

The constrained KP hierarchy is characterized by the condition
(Lk)<0=∑i=1mqi∂−1ri.(L^{k})_{<0} = \sum_{i=1}^{m} q_i \partial^{-1} r_i.
In this paper, we investigate the general form of gauge operators for
solutions of the constrained KP hierarchy under successive Darboux
transformations of both differential type Td(q)=q∂q−1T_d(q)=q\partial q^{-1}
and integral type Ti(r)=r−1∂−1rT_i(r)=r^{-1}\partial^{-1}r.
Starting from the trivial background L[0]=∂L^{[0]}=\partial, we construct
a chain of MM type-I and NN type-II transformations generated by
multi-derivative families of eigenfunctions fi(0),…,fi(Mik)f_i^{(0)},\dots,f_i^{(M_i k)}
and adjoint eigenfunctions gj(0),…,gj(Njk)g_j^{(0)},\dots,g_j^{(N_j k)}, together with
exponential-type functions φl\varphi_l, ψq\psi_q.
A key cancellation mechanism is identified: only the highest-order
derivatives survive, while all lower-order terms are eliminated by
subsequent gauge steps, yielding exactly mm surviving channels that
recover the initial constraint.
For these channels we derive explicit expressions for
qi[M+N]q_i^{[M+N]} and ri[M+N]r_i^{[M+N]} in closed determinant form,
combining Wronskian-type and Grammian-type structures.
The exclusion of specific gauge steps in the determinant entries is
fully traced to the index of the generating function within each
multi-derivative family, namely M1+⋯+Mi+iM_1+\dots+M_i+i for type-I chains
and N1+⋯+Nj+jN_1+\dots+N_j+j for type-II chains.
The transformed tau function τ[M+N]\tau^{[M+N]} and the normalized
eigenfunctions ρi[M+N]=qi[M+N]τ[M+N]\rho_i^{[M+N]}=q_i^{[M+N]}\tau^{[M+N]},
σi[M+N]=ri[M+N]τ[M+N]\sigma_i^{[M+N]}=r_i^{[M+N]}\tau^{[M+N]} are then obtained for
all three regimes M>NM>N, M=NM=N, and M<NM<N, providing a unified
description of the gauge-transformed constrained KP hierarchy.

Keywords
\ constrained KP hierarchy
Wronskian form
\Tau function,
Darboux transformation
DYNAMICAL CORRELATION IN BINARY MIXTURES OF BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES (BECs)
Transformations of the 2-component BKP tau functions