Chronic disease burden and psychological distress in the elderly population

Introduction: Population aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, which represent a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Older adults often experience multiple chronic conditions that negatively affect physical functioning, independence, quality of life, and psychological well-being. Despite extensive international evidence, data from Albania remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic disease burden and psychological distress among older adults in Albania and to identify factors associated with poorer mental health outcomes.
Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in Albania. Participants were recruited voluntarily from community and primary healthcare settings. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, chronic disease burden, self-perceived health, social support, and psychological distress and well-being. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.
Results: Preliminary findings indicated that a higher chronic disease burden was associated with increased psychological distress. Participants with two or more chronic conditions reported poorer self-rated health, lower well-being, and greater symptoms of anxiety and social isolation than those with fewer conditions.
Conclusions: Integrating mental health assessment into routine chronic disease care and strengthening preventive interventions and social support may improve health outcomes and promote healthy aging among older adults in Albania.