Bridging the Understanding of Reality and Language in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The philosophical inquiry towards the AI-reality construct resemble the attitude of the later Wittgenstein, of not to adopt a "corrective" but simply a "descriptive" stance toward modelling ordinary human language. That is, he did not compare or attempt to adapt ordinary language to the artificially constructed "ideal" or "perfect" language, which is the linguistic mirror of the episteme, but rather bring to light the density of meaning present in the human way of speaking. Just as for idealism and existentialism the authentic dimension of reality must be sought, in human thought and existence. While, the remedy to the threat constituted by language lies in the clarification of what peoples, by speaking, intend to say. The interpretation of language, understood as a typical dimension of human reality, is the attitude that gathers around itself not only analytical philosophy and 'hermeneutic ontology', as developed by Hans Georg Gadamer in the 1900s, on the basis of Heidegger's thought, but also psychoanalysis, which is in turn an analysis and clarification of language, even with the everyday and dreamlike. The influence of psychoanalysis in contemporary culture is undoubtedly enormous; but psychoanalysis, in modern science, especially in Sigmund Freud, has explicitly presented itself with the characteristic traits of episteme. Hence, even in the development of psychoanalysis, as in that of Piaget’s structuralism, the categorical, epistemic direction in research methods, is given by the need to transform the principles and formulas of investigation into continuously rectifiable ones. From this perspective, the focus is on understanding the concept of "structure," which underlies a vast program of investigations ranging from linguistics to sociology and anthropology and which are designated by the term "structuralism." The linguist Ferdinand de Saussure had already framed his reflection on language by asking not how a certain linguistic fact was formed over time, but what function it performs within the language in which they were found. This connection explicitly indicates that every language is a system, a structure in which each linguistic element is what it is only in relation to the system, and that the variation of a single element implies the mutation of the entire system. This relationship between element and system, that is, between part and whole, is of Hegelian derivation, and implies in essence, the principle of "psychology of form" (Gestaltpsychologie, or "Gestaltism"). Accordingly to which the perception of the parts is determined and conditioned by the perception of the whole, which means that the whole is something irreducible to the simple sum of the parts. But the scientific character of this attitude of language leads AI far from Hegel, because in them the relationship between the parts and therefore the way in which the parts relate to the whole and viceversa is not necessary in terms of its epistemic relationship, but refer to a constructed hypothesis, starting from empirically observable regularities that can be verified or falsified on the basis of experience.