Impact of Inonotus hispidus supplementation on morphometric and physiological parameters in HPV16-transgenic mice

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent oncogenic virus worldwide and is associated with epithelial lesions and several malignancies, representing a major global public health concern. Inonotus hispidus is a medicinal mushroom rich in bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds, with reported antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. However, its effects in HPV-associated carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with a hydroethanolic extract obtained from I. hispidus sporocarps on morphometric and physiological parameters in the K14HPV16 transgenic mouse model.

Twenty-nine female FVB/n mice (35-39 weeks old), including wild-type (WT) and transgenic K14HPV16 (HPV) animals, were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 4–5/group). Control groups received the standard diet, whereas supplemented groups received diets containing I. hispidus extract at 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. HPV mice were assigned to HPV-Control, HPV-50, HPV-100, and HPV-150, whereas WT animals were assigned to WT-Control and WT-150. Animal welfare was monitored daily, and body weight, food, and water intake were recorded weekly. Body mass index (BMI) and Lee index were calculated from morphometric measurements. All procedures were conducted in accordance with Directive 2010/63/EU and approved by the relevant national authorities (approval no. 014139).

No mortality or severe clinical signs were observed during the study. I. hispidus supplementation did not significantly affect body weight-related parameters. Although BMI and Lee index differed significantly between WT-Control and HPV-150 groups (p < 0.05), no consistent treatment-related pattern was detected. Estimated daily food and water intake remained stable throughout the experimental period, with no changes associated with I. hispidus supplementation.

In conclusion, I. hispidus supplementation showed no adverse effects on morphometric and physiological parameters under the tested conditions, supporting its safety profile and encouraging further studies in HPV-associated disease.