Novel methodology for the isolation of soyasaponin  as an innovative  sialic acid inhibitor  with characterisation, and biological evaluation

Soyasaponin is an oleanane-type triterpenoid characterised by micellar-like properties due to its unique composition of hydrophilic sugar molecules attached to a hydrophobic pentacyclic core. They are classified according to their aglycone type and the number or composition of connected carbohydrate moieties at specified carbon positions. Soyasaponins A and B are defensive molecules that protect plants. These molecules have potent anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and antioxidant properties, making them a target for immunological and metabolic diseases. In the current study, soyasaponin was isolated using thermomechanical and hydrolysis techniques. LC-QToF, NMR, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterise soyasaponin. Cell viability, cellular uptake, wound healing, Annexin V FITC apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular morphology were used to investigate the biocompatibility of soyasaponin against a normal fibroblast cell line. RBC morphology was also used after soyasaponin incubation to assess haemolysis of RBCs. The results confirmed that the isolated soyasaponin has no significant toxicity on normal cells. It also showed significant wound-healing potential in an in vitro study. It can be concluded that isolated soyasaponin can be used as a biodegradable material for biomedical applications and could be transferred to the pharmaceutical industry.