Resveratrol Niosomal Gel: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Ex Vivo Assessment

 Aim / Background

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a novel resveratrol (RSV) niosomal gel aimed at enhancing solubility, permeability, and sustained drug release.

Material and method

RSV-entrapped niosomes were formulated using the thin film hydration method and incorporated into a gel using carbopol-940 as the gelling agent. To optimize the formulation, a 3² factorial design was employed, varying the ratios of labrasol and cholesterol to achieve ideal niosomal characteristics. The RSV niosomes were assessed for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro dissolution profiles.

Result

Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed particle sizes ranging from 128 to 288 nm, zeta potentials of -27 to -15 mV, and drug release of 65-78%. The optimized formulation demonstrated an improved drug release of 78.17%, a small particle size of 128 nm, and a stable zeta potential of -14 mV, making it suitable for further development. The optimized niosomal formulation was then integrated into a gel, which was evaluated for both in vitro and ex vivo drug release. The in vitro release study using a dialysis membrane indicated enhanced diffusion and sustained release properties, with an 80% drug release after 24 hours. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed 71.4% drug release, demonstrating the potential for improved skin permeability and bioavailability.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the use of a lipid mixture (labrasol and cholesterol) in the niosomal formulation not only enhances solubility and permeability but also provides a promising sustained-release system for resveratrol, making it a viable candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The advancements in formulation, coupled with comprehensive evaluation techniques, underscore the novelty of this study in addressing the challenges of resveratrol delivery through niosomal gels.